Wrinkling finish



Oct. 22, 1929. ROQT 1,732,661

WRINKLING FINISH Filed May 25 1927 ATTORNEYS lib . of the invention. These include the tempera- Patented Oct. 22, 1929 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FRANK BRIAN ROOT, OF NEWEBK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO FLOOD & CONKLIN COMPANY, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OI NEW JERSEY WRINKLING FINISH Application filed Kay 25,

This invention relates to improvements in varnishes and enamels and in the application of varnishes and enamels for the production of wrinkled finishes. The invention includes improved varnish and enamel products and an improved method of producing such finishes.

The following example illustrates the improved composition of the invention, and is a particularly advantageous embodlment of the invention:

25 lbs. Congo. 1% lbs. rosin. 7 ozs. red lead. 3 ozs. borate of manganese.

gal. China wood oil. 1 gal. blown wood 011. 5% gal. toluol.

hen a surface is coated with a varnish of this composition and exposed to drying conditions, advantageously at elevated temperatures, a wrinkled finish of pleasing and attractive appearance results. The wrinkling seems to be due to rapid oxidation of the surface of the-applied film forming a skin over the less oxidized material on the interior of the film, the surface skin increasing in volume and expanding laterally and the less oxidized material on the interior of the film, being of lower viscosity, flowing into the folds produced by expansion of the surface skin. The general efi'ect 1s that of a level surface broken up by ridges pro ectmg from and running irregularly over the surface.

The accompanying drawings illustrate enlargements of the improved finish provided by the invention; Fig. 1 showing the surface of the finish and Fig. 2 a section through the finish.

There are a number of factors which affect the exact character of the improved finish ture of drying, the kind of oil and the kind of resin used, the ratio of resinto oil, the volatility of the thinner used, and the thickness of the applied film.

Apparently, the most lmportant characteristic of the oil used is the speed with 1927. Serial No. 194,201.

which it oxidizes. Blown linseed oil, for example, is better than raw linseed oil, but both give but very weak effects and these only in'films that are quite thick. Perilla oil produce ronounced wrinkling efiects which seem to e characteristic of oxidized or preoxidized China wood oil. Varnishes and enamels can be made from such oxidized or pre-oxidized China wood oil which dry superficially, very rapidly, the film beneath the dry surface skin remaining fluid, with resulting expansion of thesurface skin and the formation of wrinkles.

The (lhina .wood oil may, with advantage, be oxidized or pre-oxidized in the following manner: A 1% inch brass pipe is bent into an open ring with an upright stem, the ring being large enough to fit conveniently into and lie upon the bottom of a 150-gallon varnish kettle. Closely spaced inch holes are drilled into the pipe ring to allow for the introduction of air. One hundred gallons of raw China wood oil are placed in the kettle, heatedto 260 F. and maintained at this temperature while a vigorous stream of air is blown through the oil for a period of about eight hours.

The resins useful in the composition of the invention and in carrying out the invention include Congo,kauri, dammar and cumar. Rosin, if used in large amount, tends to produce irregularities in the size and in the interval between wrinkles in the resulting finish; Pyroxylin apparently tends to inhibit the wrinkling action; in small amounts it causes very fine wrinkles and in large amounts may eliminate wrinkling.

Although a wrinkled finish can be secured over a considerable range of ratios between resin and oil, best results are secured over a somewhat limited range. If the proportion of oilwith reference to the proportion of 25 lbs. 1% lbs. 7 ozs. 3 ozs.

gal. 1% gal.

Congo.

rosin.

red lead.

borate of manganese. China wood oil. blown wood oil.

5 gal. light naphtha.

1% gal. toluol.

With this low, or a lower, ratio between oil and resin, a tendency toward brittleness may result. The following example illustrates a composition which wrinkles satisfactorily and quite evenly:

25 lbs. Congo. 1% lbs. rosin. 7 ozs. red lead.

3 ozs. borate of manganese.

gal. China wood oil.

2 gal. -blown wood oil.

8 gal. toluol.

The following example illustrates a, composition of high ratio between oil and resin:

25 lbs. Congo.

1% lbs. rosin. v

7 ozs. red lead.

3 ozs. borate of manganese.

gal. China wood oil.

3% gal. blown wood oil.

7 gal. toluol.

With this high, or a higher, ratio between oil and resin, a tendency toward roughness and irregularity may result.

Within limits, the exact character of the improved finish of the invention can be controlled by regulation of the viscosity of the varnish or enamel composition, for example, by adjusting the quantity and character of thinner used, and by adjusting the degree of oxidation of the oxidized or pro-oxidized China wood oil used.

It is advantageous to use thinners that are low-boiling and quite volatile; it is advantageous to use thinners, for. example, the major portion of which boil ofi' below about 325 F. The thinner used may be a mixture of several thinning components. A lowboilingthinner evaporates more quickly from the varnish or enamel film, promotes the rapid formation of a surface skin, and

durin drying assists in maintaining a greater di erential between the degree of oxidation of the surface skin and the oil within the film. Where the finish is dried at elevated temperatures, the use of low-boiling thinners also assists in eliminating any tendency toward sagging of the finish during the drying operation. The following example illustrates a composition containing a relatively high-boiling thinner:

lbs. 1% lbs. 7 ozs. 3 ozs. gal. 1% gal. 1% gal. 4% gal. gal.

Congo.

rosin.

red lead.

borate of manganese. China wood oil. blown wood oil. turpentine.

heavy naphtha.

light naphtha.

Applied in thin films, the wrinkles produced with this composition are quite fine. More pronounced wrinkles are produced with compositions containing lower-boiling thinners. The following example illustrates 1 a composition containlng a lower-boiling thinner:

25 lbs. 1% lbs. 7 ozs. 3 ozs. 7 gal. 1 gal. 6

Congo.

rosin.

red lead.

borate of manganese. China wood oil. Y blown wood oil.

al. light naphtha.

1% gal. toluol.

perature upwards of 150 F. At elevated temperatures rapid oxidation of the surface of the applied film is promoted and any tendency toward diffusion of oxidation products from the surface into the interior of the film is lessened. In general, drying at elevated temperatures accentuates the wrinkling and assists in providing a harder finish. As an illustration of drying times and temperatures, satisfactory wrinkled finishes are obtained with the composition given in the first example herein in five hours at 180 F., in three hours at 200 F., in two hours at 250 F in one and one-half hours at 300 F. and in three-fourths hours at 400 F. Drying at elevated temperatures also assists in making the finish resistant to the action of the usual solvents employed in pyroxylin lacquers and enamels.

The exact character of the finish is also affected by the thickness of the applied film; thinner films give finer wrinkles and thicker films coarser wrinkles.

The improved finishing composition of the present invention can be applied as a clear varnish or as a pigrnented enamel. Such enamels can be prepared by mixing with the clear varnish composition a pigment paste ground in a varnish or a gum solution. Due

to change in the pigment or to darkening of the varnish some colors do not give entirely satisfactory results when dried at elevated. temperatures, In such cases, a clear varnish coat can lie appliedl, or a coat of varnish to m which a small amount of pigment paste has been arlrleol to tint it and to facilitate application to clarlr sin-laces, this coat drieol at an elevated temperature, and one or more color coats ot pyronylin lacquer enamels or lialtin 1t japnns npplied. 'llie improved. varnish ml enamel eompositions ot the invention are ot general application as nnrler-ceats Where a wrinlrletl finish is olesiredn ll claim:

an l. An article (it manufacture carrying a wrinkled linked coating of a drying" oil and a P851111.

2. An article of manufacture carrying an nnlbroken, finely wrinkledfilm of China wood oil and a resin.

3.. An article of manufacture carrying a leaked wrinkle finish undercoat, and a superposed lacquer coating.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

as FRANK BRIAN ROOT. 

